留学生论文代写、paper代写、essay代写、exam代考

如何写好Introduction_高分essay代写_哲学代写——dueessay保分计划

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相信每位留学生在写作业的时候都有这样的感觉:Introduction是最难写,也是最耗费时间的部分。一个好的Introduction可以全面概述论文的主题和目的,让阅卷老师和读者眼前一亮。

什么是
Introduction呢?

Introduction是论文的序幕,目的是向读者介绍本研究的“前世今生”。

总的来说,Introduction既是对过去和现在研究的系统精炼性的介绍、评价和总结;又是对本篇研究工作的提纲挈领的总结,提出科学假说,概括研究方法和研究结果,突出研究的创新性和研究意义,从而进一步吸引读者兴趣。

Introduction通常占整篇文章的5-10%,可怕的是,如果英文水平捉襟见肘点,那么整篇论文简直就是大型灾难现场。

地道的英语多用被动语态,句式也丰富多变。多掌握一些常用句式能够很快的帮我们搭建文章的结构,增加文章的可读性,理顺行文思路。

咱们今天就一起学习一下Introduction的常用逻辑结构和常用句式结构吧。

Introduction常用的逻辑结构

1.表述研究主题的价值、意义;

2.简要回顾领域内的相关学术文献;

3.目前存在的问题、争议或知识缺口;

4.介绍本研究的目的、研究问题或假设;

5.提供研究设计和方法的概要;

6.解释研究的意义或价值;

7.提供论文整体结构的概述。
essay代写
具体举例

a)题XXX是重要的;

b)以往研究A、B曾经研究过这个问题;

c)但A、B的局限性和缺陷是XXX;

d)我们提出了新方法C/发现了新的C现象;

e)C的基本特征,和A、B进行比较;

f)实验证明C比A、B优越;

g)文章的基本结构,大纲。

根据上面总结的Introduction的7个逻辑结构,我们再看看它有哪些常用的句型,以下是曼彻斯特大学官网给出的官方标准版,大家可以用作参考。

01.表述研究主题对世界或社会的重要性

1.X is fundamental to …

2.X has a pivotal role in …

3.X is frequently prescribed for …

4.X is fast becoming a key instrument in …

5.X plays a vital role in the metabolism of …

6.X plays a critical role in the maintenance of …

7.Xs have emerged as powerful platforms for …

8.X is essential for a wide range of technologies.

9.X can play an important role in addressing the issue of …

10.Xs are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents known.

11.There is evidence that X plays a crucial role in regulating …

12.X is a common condition which has considerable impact on …

13.In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for …

14.Evidence suggests that X is among the most important factors for …

15.X is important for a wide range of scientific and industrial processes.

16.Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and …

17.There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of …

18.X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y.

19.In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in …

20.Xs are one of the most widely used groups of Y and have been extensively used for ….

02.表述研究主题对于学科的重要性

1.A key aspect of X is …

2.X is of interest because …

3.X is a classic problem in …

4.A primary concern of X is …

5.X is a dominant feature of …

6.X is an important aspect of …

7.X is a fundamental property of …

8.The concepts of X and Y are central to …

9.X is at the heart of our understanding of …

10.Investigating X is a continuing concern within …

11.X is a major area of interest within the field of …

12.X has been studied by many researchers using …

13.X has been an object of research since the 1960s.

14.X has been the subject of many classic studies in …

15.X has been instrumental in our understanding of …

16.The theory of X provides a useful account of how …

17.Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of …

18.X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics.

19.The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.

20.X has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields.

03.研究主题:时间上的重要性

1.Recently, there has been renewed interest in …

2.Traditionally, Xs have subscribed to the belief that …

3.One of the most important events of the 1970s was …

4.In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in …

5.Recent developments in X have heightened the need for …

6.The last two decades have seen a growing trend towards …

7.Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in …

8.Over the past century, there has been a dramatic increase in …

9.Recent trends in X have led to a proliferation of studies that …

10.X proved an important literary genre in the early Y community.

11.The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many …

12.Since it was reported in 2005, X has been attracting a lot of interest.

13.Recently, a considerable literature has grown up around the theme of …

14.Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in …

15.The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of …

16.The changes experienced by X over the past decade remain unprecedented.

17.In light of recent events in X, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the existence of …

04.研究主题:亟待解决的问题

1.X is a major problem in …

2.Of particular concern is …

3.One of the main obstacles …

4.One of the greatest challenges …

5.A key issue is the safe disposal of …

6.The main disadvantage of X is that …

7.X is associated with increased risk of …

8.X impacts negatively upon a range of …

9.X is a common disorder characterised by …

10.It is now well established that X can impair …

11.X has led to the decline in the population of …

12.X is a growing public health concern worldwide.

13.The main challenge faced by many researchers is the …

14.X is one of the most frequently stated problems with …

15Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.

16.X is a major environmental problem, and the main cause of …

17.Xs are one of the most rapidly declining groups of insects in …

18.X is the leading cause of death in western-industrialised countries.

19.Exposure to X has been shown to be related to adverse effects in …

20.There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged …

21.There is an urgent need to address the safety problems caused by …

However,

1.X may cause …

2.X is limited by …

3.X suffers from …

4.X is too expensive to be used for …

5.X has accentuated the problem of …

6.the performance of X is limited by …

7.X could be a contributing factor to …

8.the synthesis of X remains a major challenge.

9.X can be extremely harmful to human beings.

10.research has consistently shown that X lacks …

11.a major problem with this kind of application is …

12.the determination of X is technically challenging.

13.current methods of X have proven to be unreliable.

14.these rapid changes are having a serious effect on …

15.X can be adversely affected under certain conditions.

16.observations have indicated a serious decline in the population of...

05.以往研究已证实....

1.Recent evidence suggests that …

2.Extensive research has shown that …

3.Studies of X show the importance of …

4.It has previously been observed that …

5.Several attempts have been made to …

6.Previous research has established that …

7.Data from several studies suggest that …

8.Recent work by historians has established that …

9.Previous research comparing X and Y has found …

10.The existing body of research on X suggests that …

11.There is a growing body of literature that recognises …

12.Several theories on the origin of X have been proposed.

13.Existing research recognises the critical role played by …

14.It is now well established from a variety of studies, that …

15.Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.

16.Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that …

17.Factors found to be influencing X have been explored in several studies.

18.A number of cross-sectional studies suggest an association between X and Y…

19.Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on …

20.A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies …

06.领域内的争论、分歧、知识缺陷

1.A much debated question is whether …

2.One major issue in early X research concerned …

3.To date there has been little agreement on what …

4.The issue has grown in importance in light of recent …

5.One of the most significant current discussions in X is …

6.In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y is debated.

7.One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in …

8.Questions have been raised about the use of animal subjects in …

9.In many Xs, a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning …

10.Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of …

11.This concept has recently been challenged by X studies demonstrating …

12.The debate about X has gained fresh prominence with many arguing that …

13.Scholars have long debated the impact of X on the creation and diffusion of …

14.More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about …

15.One major theoretical issue that has dominated the field for many years concerns …

16.The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century.

17.The issue of X has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of …

18.The causes of X have been the subject of intense debate within the scientific community.

19.In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y has been subject to considerable discussion.

07.以往研究的不足之处

1.Previous studies of X have not dealt with …

2.Researchers have not treated X in much detail.

3.Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they …

4.Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …

5.Such approaches, however, have failed to address …

6.Previous published studies are limited to local surveys.

7.Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether …

8.The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.

9.Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent.

10.Smith’s analysis does not take account of …, nor does she examine …

11.The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.

12.However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature …
X

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